The Basic Elements of Ancient Religions free essay sample

So as to effectively, and all the more significantly, precisely talk about the essential components of antiquated religions, one needs to disentangle the intricate word that is â€Å"religion†. Before I continue, the peruser must comprehend that over history, there have been a wide range of interpretations of religion, however curiously enough, despite the fact that they might be extraordinary, most of the interpretations convey a similar basic message. As indicated by numerous strict researchers over the numerous centuries of recorded strict history, the historical underpinnings of the term â€Å"religion† is licensed as being Latin or Late Latin in starting point (â€Å"religonem†, or â€Å"relegare† relying upon which way of thinking you originate from), with the advanced English term being gotten from the Anglo-French word â€Å"religiun† meaning â€Å"state of life, bound to religious vows† or â€Å"conduct showing a faith in an awesome power†. In any case, many post-Classic etymologists (and some advanced ones) have associated â€Å"religion† with the Latin word â€Å"religare† which implies â€Å"to tie fast† or â€Å"to reconnect†. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Basic Elements of Ancient Religions or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This clarification may appear to be insignificant for this subject, however I feel it is a critical piece of the history that is â€Å"religion† and thusly is essential to the components that make up â€Å"religion†. In the event that one looks further into the ancient mind of most punctual man, one finds that the soonest types of religion are a consequence of the accompanying of man’s essential social and mental needs: †¢Understanding †the human qualities of basic limit, interest, and instinct †¢Identity †the need to have a place with something and the rise of one’s confidence The primary fundamental component of religion is the conviction that there are otherworldly as well as superhuman creatures or potentially powers that made the world and those powers control everything that occurs inside the world. This â€Å"belief† fulfills the human being’s requirement for comprehension †the comprehension of his own reality, the comprehension of the making of himself and the world he lives in and the comprehension of the wild occasions that occur in this world. The second fundamental component of religion is the emblematic structure followed by the various religions. Again this component connects to one of mankind’s principal needs †the need of character. Various religions received images and signs as per the divinity, god or numen that they had confidence in. As indicated by the Wikipedia reference book, an image is characterized as the accompanying: â€Å"A image is something, for example, an article, picture, composed word, a sound, a bit of music, or specific imprint that speaks to (or represents) something different by affiliation, similarity, or show, particularly a material item used to speak to something undetectable. Accordingly, one can find from the above definition, that the first â€Å"religious pioneers or believers† acquainted images explicit with their divinity, god or numen, for the accompanying purposes: †¢To speak to the said god, god or numen †¢To partner its adherents †¢To speak to the god, god or numen †¢To speak to what esteems the said religion, and additionally god, god or numen, represented Examples of these can be found through history and some simple images can be found in ancien t times. A case of this is the disclosure by partner educator Shelia Coulson (University of Oslo). In the late spring of 2006, Coulson alongside some Master’s understudies, were doing an examination into the inception of the Sanpeople among the Tsodilo Hills in Ngamiland, Botswana, when they went over the frightening revelation. Among the â€Å"sacred† slopes, there was a stone cut looking like a python’s head just as a custom cavern. The significance of this find for the archeological researchers was that the python rock, the custom cavern, and different relics found in the cavern had been deductively demonstrated to associate with 70 000 years of age. This was astounding in light of the fact that current authentic idea was that religion just existed around 40 000 years back. Hence, as demonstrated by the previously mentioned model, even at the soonest start of religion, images were being made and utilized. These images, through the time of history, have developed since our antiquated progenitors began utilizing them, however the standards behind strict images are the very same now as they were a large number of years prior.

What Are The Benefits Of Hydropower Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Hydropower, water driven force or H2O power will be power that is gotten from the power or vitality of voyaging H2O, which might be tackled for utile plans. Before the broad handiness of business electric force, hydropower was utilized for water system, and activity of arranged machines, such aswatermills, texture machines, sawmills, dock Cranes, and residential lifts. Another strategy utilized a trompe, which produces compacted air from falling H2O, which could so be utilized to control other apparatus a ways off from the H2O. We will compose a custom exposition test on What Are The Benefits Of Hydropower Environmental Sciences Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now History: Early uses of H2O power day of the month back to Mesopotamia and old Egypt, where water system has been utilized since the sixth millenium BC and H2O redstem storksbills had been utilized since the mid second millenium BC. Other early delineations of H2O power remember the Qanat framework for antiquated Persia and the Turpan H2O framework in old China. Waterwheels and Millss: Hydropower has been utilized for 100s of mature ages. In India, H2O haggles were fabricated ; in Imperial Rome, H2O controlled Millss delivered flour from grain, and were other than utilized for sawing wood and rock ; in China, watermills were broadly utilized since the Han Dynasty. The intensity of a moving edge of H2O discharged from a heavily clad battle vehicle was utilized for extraction of metal minerals in a technique known as murmur. Quieting was broadly utilized in Britain in the Medieval and thusly periods to pull out lead and tin metals. It along these lines developed into water driven removal when utilized during theCalifornia gold flurry. In China and the rest of the Far East, hydraulicly worked â€Å" pot wheel † siphons raised H2O into water system trenches. During the 1830s, at the extremum of the channel building age, hydropower was utilized to move flatboat traffic here and there steep slopes using slanted plane railwaies. Direct mechanical force transmittal necessitated that ventures using hydropower needed to turn up close to the cascade. For outline, during the last 50% of the nineteenth century, numerous grist Millss were worked at Saint Anthony Falls, utilizing the 50-foot ( 15 m ) globule in the Mississippi River. The Millss added to the developing of Minneapolis. Pressure driven force pipes: Water powered force networks other than existed, using pipes shipping pressurized fluid to pass on mechanical force from a force starting, for example, a siphon, to stop clients. These were broadened inVictorian metropoliss in the United Kingdom. A pressure driven force web was other than in utilization in Geneva, Switzerland. The universe observed Jet d’Eau was initially simply the over power per unit territory valve of this web. Regular appearances: In hydrology, hydropower is showed in the power of the H2O on the waterway base and Bankss of a stream. It is curiously incredible when the stream is in immersion. The power of the H2O outcomes in the remotion of store and different stuffs from the waterway base and Bankss of the stream, doing dissolving and different changes. Present day use: There are a few signifiers of H2O power by and by in use or improvement. Some are carefully mechanical however numerous mainly produce power. Expansive classs include: Waterwheels, utilized for 100s of mature ages to control Millss and hardware Hydroelectricity, ordinarily referencing to hydroelectric barriers, or run-of-the-stream apparatuss ( for example hydroelectric-controlled watermills ) Damless hydro, which catches the dynamic vitality in waterways, conduits and seas Vortex power, which makes spins which can so be tapped for vitality Tidal force, which catches vitality from the tides in flat manner Tidal conduit power, which does likewise vertically Wave power, which utilizes the vitality in moving edges Osmotic force, which channels stream H2O into a compartment isolated from ocean H2O by a semipermeable layer. Marine current force which catches the dynamic vitality from marine flows. Sea thermic vitality change which misuses the temperature contrast among profound and shallow Waterss. Hydroelectric force currently supplies around 715,000 megawatts or 19 % of universe power [ 2 ] . Huge barriers are as yet being planned. The universe ‘s biggest is the Three Gorges Dam on the third longest stream known to mankind, the Yangtze River. Aside from a couple of states with a bounteousness of hydro power, this vitality starting is generally applied to top out burden request, since it is promptly halted and begun. It other than gives a high-limit, low-evaluated organizations of vitality stockpiling, known as â€Å" wired capacity † . Hydropower creates essentially no C dioxide or other destructive spreads, rather than terminating non-renewable energy sources, and is non a significant supporter of planetary warming through CO2. Hydroelectric force can be far more affordable than power created from non-renewable energy sources or nuclear vitality. Zones with rich hydroelectric influence pull in industry. Ecological worries about the impacts of stores may preclude improvement of financial hydropower beginnings. The primary favorable position of hydroelectric dams is their capacity to oversee regular ( each piece great as everyday ) high extremum tonss. At the point when the power requests globule, the embankment only shops more H2O ( which gives more stream when it discharges ) . Some power generators use H2O embankments to hive away additional vitality ( as often as possible during the dim ) , by using the power to siphon H2O up into a bowl. Power can be produced when request augmentations. In design the utilization of put away H2O in waterway dam is now and again confused by requests for water system which may occur out of stage with top electrical requests. Not all hydroelectric force requires a dam ; a run-of-stream undertaking simply utilizes bit of the waterway stream and is a trait of little hydropower endeavors. A creating building outline is the Gorlov looping turbine. Tidal force: Boss article: Tidal force Outfitting the tides in a narrows or estuary has been accomplished in France ( since 1966 ) , Canada and Russia, and could be accomplished in different nations with a major tidal degree. The under control H2O turns turbines as it is discharged through the tidal siege in any case. A potential slip-up is that the framework would deliver power most quickly in blasts like clockwork ( one time each tide ) . This constrains the uses of tidal vitality ; tidal force is amazingly unsurprising yet non ready to follow adjusting electrical interest. Tidal waterway power: Boss article: Tidal force A nearly new designing, tidal conduit generators attract vitality from flows a lot of a similar way that air current generators do. The higher thickness of H2O organizations that an individual generator can gracefully significant force. This designing is at the early periods of improvement and will require more research before it turns into a significant supporter. A few ideal models have indicated guarantee. Wave power: Boss article: Wave power Bridling power from sea surface wave signal may give significantly more vitality than tides. The achievability of this has been explored, unconventionally in Scotland in the UK. Generatorseither coupled to floating gadgets or turned via air dislodged by moving edges in an empty solid development would deliver power. For states with large coastlines and unsmooth ocean conditions, the vitality of moving edges offers the chance of bring forthing power out in the open assistance partnership volumes. Little graduated table hydro power: Little graduated table hydro or smaller scale hydro power has been logically utilized as sustainable power source starting, especially in inaccessible nations where other force beginnings are non practical. Little graduated table hydro power frameworks can be introduced in little streams or waterways with little or no discernable natural result on things, for example, fish relocation. Most minimal graduated table hydro power frameworks make no use of an embankment or significant H2O amusement, yet rather use H2O wheels. Numerous nations of the North Eastern United States have areas along conduits where H2O wheel prodded Millss one time stood. Destinations, for example, these can be remodeled and used to deliver power. In addition, minimal graduated table hydro power workss can be joined with other vitality beginnings as an addendum. For representation somewhat graduated table hydro works could be utilized alongside an arrangement of sunlight based boards appended to a battery bank. W hile the sun based boards may make more power during the twenty-four hours, when the heft of intensity is utilized, the hydro works will make a littler, invariable progression of intensity, non subject to the daylight. There are a few contemplations in a miniaturized scale hydro framework introducing. The aggregate of H2O stream accessible on a reliable balance, since inadequacy of downpour can affect works activity. Head, or the aggregate of dot between the utilization and the issue. The more caput, the more force that can be produced. There can be legitimate and regulative issues, since most states, metropoliss, and territories have mandates about H2O rights and easements. In the course of the last scarcely any mature ages, the US Government has expanded help for exchange power coevals. Numerous assets, for example, awards, advances, and income upgrade benefits are accessible for little scope hydro frameworks. In hapless nations, numerous remote networks have no power. Small scale hydro power, with a limit of 100 kilowatts or less, permits networks to deliver power. [ 2 ] This signifier of intensity is upheld by grouped associations, for example, the UK ‘s Practical Action. [ 3 ] Smaller scale hydro force can be utilized straight as â€Å" shaft power † for some modern applications. On the other hand, the best alternative for household vitality flexibly is to deliver power with a generator or a turned around electric engine which, while less productive, is probably going to be accessible loc

How to Help a Teacher When Your Child Has ADHD

How to Help a Teacher When Your Child Has ADHD ADHD School Print How to Help a Teacher When Your Child Has ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Klaus Vedfelt / Getty Images ADHD symptoms are often misunderstood. Sometimes the problematic behaviors are viewed as willful and intentional. If your childs teachers don’t have accurate information about ADHD, they may not recognize that these behaviors result from an impairment. An Invisible Disability ADHD is often referred to as an “invisible disability.” On the surface, symptoms may simply not be very obvious, yet they can significantly impair daily functioning. Chris A. Zeigler Dendy, MS, a leading ADHD expert and author, a former teacher with more than 35 years experience, and mother of two grown sons and a daughter with ADHD, compare ADHD with an iceberg. “Like icebergs, many problems related to ADHD are not visible,” explains Dendy.  While hyperactivity may be obvious, other issues may be hidden beneath the surface. The Problem with Focusing on Student Behaviors Often, teachers observe behavioral problems associated with ADHD and attribute them to voluntary, deliberate action. As a result, the response from the adult will be frustration, disappointment or anger. The strategy will be to eliminate the child’s “bad” behavior. The assumption is that the child is the one who must do all the changing from the get-go. The idea of restructuring or modifying a child’s environment does not come into play. Dr. Terry Illes, an expert on ADD/ADHD in the school setting, explains further; “The focus will be on stopping a behavior rather than on teaching new skills, the change will be rapid and negative consequences â€" or punishment â€" will be used to encourage this change. Thus, [the teacher believes] there is no need to make special accommodations for the child with ADHD.” Why Greater Understanding Leads to Better Outcomes Ideally, your childs teacher will understand that his difficulties are related to a learning issue that has an underlying neurological cause. When this is the case, your child’s problems are viewed more clearly as struggles and impairments that are not under the total control of the child. Teachers (and other adults) are more likely to empathize with the child and react with proactive strategies and accommodations to help the child develop coping techniques to minimize deficits. There is also more deliberate effort to teach the child new skills to replace the inappropriate ones. “The teacher intuitively understands that the student would prefer to be as academically successful as other students. And this insight directs the teacher to remediate or fix the student’s learning problem,” explains Dr. Illes. “The focus of change will be on skill building. The change will be gradual and positive consequences will be used to reinforce this progress.” Helping Teachers to Help Your Child Teachers are a vital part of our children’s lives and it is so important to work with them in a positive and collaborative manner. Connect and partner with the teacher. Be a resource for her (or him) in helping to provide educational information about ADHD. Chris Dendy has created an ADD/ADHD Iceberg poster that helps illustrate this point. She lists these “not so obvious” areas of concern including weak  executive functioning,  sleep disturbance,  impaired sense of time, two to four-year developmental delay, not learning easily from rewards and punishment, possible  coexisting conditions, learning problems, low frustration for tolerance, and difficulty controlling emotions. Recognizing these less “visible” impairments helps teachers understand more about the challenges students with ADHD often face. Talk with the principal and check to see if your school has a CHADD Educator’s Manual on ADHD. This book provides an in-depth look at ADHD from an educational perspective and is a wonderful resource, offering practical, concrete strategies teachers can use to help students with ADHD succeed. As with anything, the more you know about something the more insight you will have and the better you will be at utilizing effective strategies.

The Bombing Of The United States Essay - 1783 Words

Introduction Whenever Al-Qaeda is mentioned in the United States, terrorist attacks flush in people`s mind. The organized crime group poses a threat to this country. The history of this threat dates back to the year 1998 when Al- Qaeda pioneered the bombing of the US embassy in Nairobi (Kenya) and Dar es Salam (Tanzania). As if not enough, the group proceeded further to plan the September 11th attacks were four United States commercial airlines were hijacked and crashed in different areas within the country leading to the deaths of more than three thousand people and over six thousand casualties. Among the affected places were the twin towers that hosted the world trade center building and the United States department of defense headquarters that is also known as the Pentagon . As evident from the actual attacks made by this group, any move by the Al- Qaeda poses a threat to the wellness of the citizens of America. Not only did the team focus on killing people, but it also had the department of defense as a target implying that it aimed at weakening the security of the country. In open letter made by Osama bin Laden (Al-Qaeda’s leader) to the USA, he described the group’s motive to stop America from engaging in peace missions in locations where Al-Qaeda or Islamic nations are involved. According to the United States, however, finishing such missions translates to the promotion of terrorism which cannot be tolerated in the country`s aim of supporting peace missions (MichaelShow MoreRelatedThe Bombing Of The United States1105 Words   |  5 Pagesfor achieving political ends. By the 2000’s, bin Laden had directed various attacks against the U.S. through the al-Qaeda terror network, including the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 19 98 U.S. embassy bombings in Africa (Mulhausen). On September 11th, 2001 things would change, Bin Laden would strike on United States soil. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four separate planes and crashed them into World Trade Center one and two and into the Pentagon while a fourth plane crashed in a field nearRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagescitizenship became questionable when terroristic acts were committed against America. Because the FBI and law enforcement agencies’ first and foremost agenda was to keep Americans safe, answers were needed immediately to determine if there were plans for bombing other U.S. cities, and they made the most logical decision within the context of the law to react quickly by delaying Tsarnaev’s Miranda Rights justifiably. In the first place, Tsarnaev’s citizenship became questionable when terroristic acts wereRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1688 Words   |  7 Pageshouse, full of men, women, and children, would be acceptable. The officials commanding the operation lacked a display of consideration for human lives, and also respect for the neighboring people and properties surrounding the MOVE compound. The MOVE bombing also epitomizes larger issues of both racial and class prejudices that are prevalent in American society even today. The organization MOVE is a radical, revolutionary group based in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MOVE members live their lives basedRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1168 Words   |  5 Pageson the United States. Terrorism has taken so many innocent lives. Its an issue we deal with on a daily basis. Because of this, President George Bush took extreme measures and was very successful on the global war on terror. He made multiple changes to laws and regulations to help keep American citizens safe. Despite the extreme measures former president George Bush took, the war on terror is not a winnable war.We can take pro cautions to terrorist attacks to a minimum in the United States but thisRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States2301 Words   |  10 Pagesplanned to hijack four airliners and threatened them with suicide attempts against the United States. When the first plane hit the twin towers, there was immediately live TV broadcasting. 18 minutes later, as many people from the first tower were calling for help, another plane was crashed into the second tower. This was when everyone immediately knew that America was under attack. In October of 2001, the United States immediately began to investigate the causes of this terrorist attack. Everyone wantedRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1463 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 11th, 2001, the United States of America was attacked on its soil when alleged Al-Qaeda members hijacked four passenger planes, Boeing 757s. Two planes flew into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, one plane flew into the Pentagon, and the remaining plane was possibly targeting the White House or the Capitol but was unsuccessful. People all over America felt an utter shock and disbelief after this tragic event as people demanded answers. After the terroristRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States850 Words   |  4 Pagesother government agencies have gotten together, evaluated all known and possible vulnerabilities in all areas of the U.S. security systems in ports, on land and in the air to eliminate them. So far the U.S. has been very resilient, with t he focus on a united front, a collaboration of efforts to restore and maintain peace worldwide. We suffered a terrible loss from the attacks of 9/11 and people have seen the effects of division and carelessness, making them more willing to work with the DHS, TSA, CustomsRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1597 Words   |  7 Pagesaffiliated with Al Qaeda had the ability and means to carry out an attack on the U.S. and Western places and persons located in Libya. Recommendation-The intelligence community and State Department must communicate better, especially in high threat areas. Finding #2 Through numerous intelligence reports the State Department should have implemented a higher security posture in Benghazi based on the situation on the ground. Prior to this, two other attacks occurred at a Temporary Mission FacilityRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States Essay972 Words   |  4 Pages On September 11th, 2012 a United States outpost in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked. Leaving four Americans killed, Ambassador Chris Stevens, Information Officer Sean Smith, and two CIA operatives, Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods, both former Navy SEALs. Stevens is the first U.S. ambassador killed in an attack since Adolph Dubs was killed in 1979. Questions have continued to arise over the role of then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the attack — or rather lack of role to do anything to helpRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1357 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 11,2001, it was a tragic day across the country of United States, from New York all the way too California. Everyone took one moment of silence as one whole nation that day and work was cancelled as everyone starred at Television watching the news to find out more information on what happened to their country. The attack on the U.S. changed everything from that day forward. This attack opened up new acts and cha nge our national security. The American people and people in other countries

Variable, Course Code Research And Methodology - 1177 Words

ASSIGNMENT Topic: variable COURSE CODE: Research and methodology COURSE TITLE: SW4 SUBMITED TO; Dr. Yasir Hamid Bhat SUBMITTED BY; NAME= Iningle Ihelung ROLL NO. = G2015CODPOO7 SEMESTER= second semester Anything that has a measurable characteristic that varies is variable which may change from group to group, a person to person, or even within one person over time. To understand more precisely of what is variable we will deal with the two types of concepts: those that refer to fixed phenomenon and those that vary in quantity, intensity, or amount. The second concept and measures of the concept are variables. A variable is defined as anything that varies or changes in value. It represents a quality that can exhibit differences in values, usually magnitude or strength, it is said anything that may assume different numerical or categorical values. Variables is everywhere to support this we can take examples like, gender is a variable. Two values, male and female, marital status is also a variable, never married, married, divorced or widowed. A person’s attitude toward women empowerment is variable; it range from highly favourable to highly unfavourable. A variable may also be si tuation specific, example gender is variable, but if in a particular situation like in a class ifShow MoreRelatedStrategic Alliances Between Indigenous And Foreign Oil Companies On The Development Of Local Content Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this section, the research methods and tools to be applied in the investigation of the impact of strategic alliances between indigenous and foreign oil companies on the development of local content in the Nigerian oil and gas sector are specified. This section is therefore structured as follows – the research paradigm, the research design, population of the study, data collection, method of data analysis, and ethical considerations in the study. 3.1 Research ParadigmRead MoreRelationship Between Employees And Business1189 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Research is about systematically obtaining and analysing data to increase our knowledge about a topic in which we are interested (Saunders et al. 2010). In order to develop a good research topic the objectives needs to be clearly identified.Formulating a research question is an intellectually challenging and time-consuming undertaking (Saunders and Lewis, 2012). Denescombe mentions (2012, p.167) that â€Å" a topic for research should be something that lends itself to being researched usingRead MoreProject Management Msc. 7Pjmn009W Project Management Project.1391 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes the use of formal project management methodologies in complex Home Automation projects contribute to project success? Main Deliverables/Milestones: Deliverable Date Project Mandate 09 March 2017 Project Brief: In depth literature review of formal project management methodologies and project success. Background research of the Home Automation industry, theory and concepts of complex projects. Philosophy and rationale behind the chosen research methodology. 22 May 2017 Project Initiation documentation:Read MoreQuality Management in Agile Comparison with Traditional Project Management1553 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement is one of the industries dominating methodology for project management in IT. 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It is worth noting that since the data was collected in 2012 opinions have been bound to shift, specifically in states which have seen statewide recreational legalization, however forRead MoreThe Common Language Of Leadership By Corey Seelmiller And Thomas Murray1701 Words   |  7 Pagesby Corey Seelmiller and Thomas Murray, which can be found in the November 2013 edition of the Journal of Leadership Studies, the authors conducted qualitative research in an attempt to (a) define and understand the competencies needed by college students to engage in leadership in their respective career fields and (b) to use the research findings on leadership competencies in order to develop a pro gram that will encompass all fields of academic disciplines. The authors of this article studied theRead MoreA Research Report From Counseling And Values1649 Words   |  7 Pagesis a research report from Counseling and Values. Counseling and Values are a validated journal of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC) and a participant of the American Counseling Association. Counseling and Values are a professional periodical of philosophy, research, and a well-versed opinion concerning the interactions among mental health, philosophy, religion, social values, and counseling. Type of Research Dobmeier and Reiner s research is more

Romeo and Juliet Chapters 1 †7 quotes Free Essays

string(134) " Deltas and Epsilons are all differently intellectually capable and this is due to the amount of oxygen that they receive as embryos\." Chapter 1 – Quotes â€Å"A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories† pg.1 This is the opening line of the novel and it paints a picture of what the city is like. It is grey meaning there is no life and individuality, it is quite dull and that the building being â€Å"only† thirty-four stories high indicates that it is a smaller building compared to those that surround it and that this world is dissimilar to what we have at present. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability† pg.1 This is the motto of this brave new world. Community through one another working hand in hand and applying themselves fully at whatever job they have been assigned to undergo. Identity of each human being known as either an Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Deltas or Epsilon. And finally, stability within the brave new world through each type of human knowing their role within the process and that there will be no unhappiness within the humans. â€Å"Cold for all the summers beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself† pg.1 Here we see the artificial nature of the brave new world. There is no heat emitted throughout highlighting the fact that the humans in the world are somewhat artificial too. The rooms are not heated through a natural process although it is all done through machinery and if not even summer would be a cold season. â€Å"Hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light frozen, dead, a ghost.† pg.1 This provides another insight into the world which has been created through the various processes and techniques that have been implemented in the brave new world. It shows that there is no uniqueness within the community and that everyone is if they are dead and that they is no actual life. â€Å"For particulars, as everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils† pg.2 This shows that everybody within the brave new world has been made for a singular purpose and that they can only fulfill that purpose. Liking what you are doing provides virtue and happiness and so there are particulars although having generalities and room for potential and ability to rise above others is evil. This is the message that the director provides the students to show that this is the best way forward and that the way it was carried out ‘before-Ford’ was a problem to all. â€Å"Year of stability A.F 632† pg.2 The director talking to the students, always refers to what they are doing as the â€Å"year of stability†, the year were the process of what they are doing to create a brave new world stabilizes and continues to bring well-being to those brought up with it. A.F stands for â€Å"After-Ford†, the creator of the Ford T-Model, and the dates are based on around him. â€Å"Alphas and Betas remained until definitely bottled; while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were brought out again† pg.3 This is the process that was applied to the various embryos to determine the intellectual capabilities of each individual. The more oxygen a type received the higher their intelligence would be so that is why the alphas and betas, the smarter humans, would remain with oxygen while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons would only have a certain amount of time with oxygen as they were not required to do high intellectual jobs. â€Å"But a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, and will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress† pg.3-4 Yet again the director tells the students of his beloved process which form adults which they see at present. In a normal process, eggs will bud and form one embryo to form a full-sized adult although in the brave new world, a Bokanovsky egg due to scientific enchantments, are able to produce over ninety adults. This shows that there has been significant advancements in the human race and that they believe that progress is the key. â€Å"‘Bokanovsky’s Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!’ Major instruments of social stability. Standard men and women; in uniform batches.† pg.5 Bokanovsky’s process is the one that is ruling over the brave new world. It allows for certain type of people to be born with a certain limit to their intellectual capabilities and as a result it provides the social stability that was being looked for. It provides both men and women to do the same job with the same abilities to do so and so it provides stability. â€Å"Like chickens drinking, the students lifted their eyes towards the distant ceiling† pg.8 This shows that even those who are on a tour of the process are conditioned in such as way that they to do things at the same pace and share the same amount of interest in the topic at hand. It also highlights the fact that there is not much room for uniqueness within the brave new world and that humans are at a point where they are nearly as unique as a chicken in a group of them. â€Å"So we allow as many as thirty per cent of the female embryos to develop normally. The others get a dose of male sex-hormone every twenty-four metres for the rest of the course. Result: they’re decanted as freemartins – structurally quite normal†¦but sterile.† Pg.10 Here we see the process that is carried out to make female adults although make sure that they do not have the capability or desires to reproduce as this would cause a disruption to the ‘stability’ of brave new world. The process involves allowing the female to develop normally for thirty-percent although they are then given a dose of male sex-hormone so that they are freemartins and at the same time still structurally fine. â€Å"‘The lower the caste, the shorter the oxygen'† pg.11 The Alphas, Betas, Gamma, Deltas and Epsilons are all differently intellectually capable and this is due to the amount of oxygen that they receive as embryos. You read "Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes" in category "Papers" The more oxygen that one receives the higher the intelligence, as Alphas do the most amount work needing intelligence they are given the most oxygen and so then are recognized as Alphas while the least amount of oxygen is given to those who do not need much intelligence to complete their task which Epsilons. â€Å"‘But in Epsilons, we don’t need human intelligence† pg.11 Epsilons are the lowest caste within the brave new world society and they do not need a large amount of human intelligence to complete their role in the society. As they do not need this intelligence they are starved of oxygen so they do not move up within the castes and so stability is upheld. â€Å"‘And that,’ put in the Director sententiously, ‘that is the secret of happiness and virtue – liking what you’ve got to so. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their unescapable social destiny† pg .12 The process that is involved in making a human is one of ease in the brave new world and for that to continue the people that are born must be conditioned into liking what they have to do. For example, if an Epsilon was conditioned into liking cleaning toilets they would be rewarded as a child to go near toilets although if they were not, they would not like this job and therefore there would be an uprising. Conditioning is all about making people like their unescapable social destiny. â€Å"They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with well-being; in fact they’re only truly happy when they’re standing on their heads† pg.13-14 This underlies the process of conditioning, undergoing processes so that the human is associated with the job or role they play, even if that means making them hate books and flowers. Here we see that the embryos are placed upside-down so that when they are born that is the state that they feel comfortable in and that they will be conditioned to do their job with better results. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 2 – Quotes â€Å"Books and loud noises, flowers and electric shocks†¦They’ll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an â€Å"instinctive† hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned.'† pg.17 This is another example of where conditioning changes the natural growth of a person. In this example we see that babies are conditioned to hate books and flowers through the use of playing loud noises whenever they played with books and giving them slight electric shocks whenever they played with flowers. This then meant that the babies when grow up and have a hatred for books and flowers and will want nothing to do with them which allows them to do certain jobs within the society. â€Å"It was decided to abolish the love of nature, at any rate among the lower classes† pg.18 Abolishing the love of nature allows for certain types of people to do certain jobs within the brave new world society without the hatred of doing the job. This is especially forced upon the lower classes including Deltas and Epsilons as they required the conditioning to do things of low intelligence and therefore there will be no uprising against what they are assigned to do. â€Å"‘We conditioned the masses to hate the country, but simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports† pg.18 Here is another example of where conditioning sets a particular liking and disliking for different things. In this example it is of hating he country so that people do not have the intention to travel there although they love the country sports so they can watch it on television resulting in their past times filled instead of wanting to do other activities. â€Å"(Here the Director made a sign of the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit)† pg. 20 The ‘T’ symbol indicates the significance of Henry Ford’s T-Model car and that not only does the director respect what he has contributed to make the brave new world possible but the students to understand that he is a god like figure and must be respected. â€Å"Elementary Class Consciousness†¦All wear green and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no, I don’t want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. They’re too stupid to be able to read or write. Besides, they wear black, which is such a beastly colour. I’m so glad I’m a Beta. Alpha children wear grey† pg. 22 This shows that each class of people, the Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons have different uniforms to wear so that they can be easily recognized by others. For example, Delta children wear khaki, Epsilons wear black, and Alphas wear grey. Even this child who is talking in this example says he is glad to be a Beta because he is conditioned in such a way that he does like being who he is and does not want it any other way. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 3 – Quotes â€Å"Mustapha Mond†¦Bernard Marx†¦Lenina Crowne† pg.28 These three people all hold significant background histories in different areas although the names are changed slightly within the novel. Mustapha Mond is the Resident World Controller of Western Europe, one of only ten World Controllers. He was once an ambitious, young scientist performing illicit research. When his work was discovered, he was given the choice of going into exile or training to become a World Controller. Bernard Marx an Alpha male who fails to fit in because of his inferior physical stature. He holds unorthodox beliefs about sexual relationships, sports, and community events. His insecurity about his size and status makes him discontented with the World State. Bernard’s surname recalls Karl Marx, the nineteenth-century German author best known for writing Capital, a monumental critique of capitalist society. Finally, Lenina Crowne is a vaccination worker at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. She is an object of desire for a number of major a nd minor characters, including Bernard Marx and John. Her behavior is sometimes intriguingly unorthodox, which makes her attractive to the reader. â€Å"Home, home – a few small rooms, stiflingly over-inhabited by a man, by a periodically teeming woman, by a rabble of boys and girls of all ages. No air, no space; an under sterilized prison; darkness, disease and smells† pg.31 This quote describes the living areas of the people within brave new world. They are not given much although they are conditioned to feel happy about what they have and they do not complain despite the fact that they are living with a large number of male and females as well as boys and girls in little space which teems full of diseases and unpleasant smells. â€Å"‘Dr. Wells advised me to have a Pregnancy Substitute.'† pg.32 This is Lenina Crowne talking, where she says that she is having a pregnancy substitute a process Since there is no live birth or pregnancy, only decanting, it is suggested that women take a pregnancy substitute, which lasts several months. The procedure is not described in detail. It is compulsory at age twenty-one, but some women have it as early as seventeen. â€Å"‘But everyone belongs to everyone else,† pg.34 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky’s process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability’ which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. â€Å"No wonder those poor pre-moderns were mad and wicked and miserable†¦they were not conditioned to obey†¦they were forced to feel strongly† pg.35 Here we see that there is a shift in time and that before Ford, people who were called ‘pre-moderns’ were miserable and wicked because they were not conditioned and controlled by the community and could do whatever they liked and that cause a problem of society as well as feeling and supporting what they thought was correct. This to ‘moderns’ sounds like a past that they do not want to go back to and therefore advocate the process and society they live in now. â€Å"No civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability† pg.36 Here we see the motto being used, especially that of stability within the brave new world. Stability is a key concept within the society and one that is believed to be needed for a civilization to proceed forward. This stability is only reached when individuals are stable and feel that and is why conditioning is such a major factor in this society. â€Å"Impulse arrested spills over, and the flood is feeling, the flood is passion, the flood is even madness† pg.37 Here we see that everyone in the society of brave new world is brainwashed and conditioned into thinking what the leaders believe to be correct, there is no uniqueness. The people believe that if they think and act for themselves there are consequences for doing so which is stated above, and the end result will be madness, something no one wants. â€Å"Shorten that interval, break down all those unnecessary barriers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢No pains have been spared to make your lives emotionally easy† pg.37 Here we see that the people of the brave new world are made to work only short spurts of time so that they do not have to face barriers which can hindered their performance. This therefore means that they are not faced with various emotional problems and can do the particular job that they were assigned to be at the best of their ability. â€Å"‘Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat'† pg.39 This is how the men speak of as the women. They are not as important as themselves but of must less significance despite the fact that they are of the same intellectual capabilities. When the men do see a good looking women they would often pay no respect for them as just as it states, talk of them like they are meat. â€Å"‘Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all'† pg. 40 Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovsky’s process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be ‘stability’ which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 4 – Quotes â€Å"Droning twilight of the well, the twilight of his habitual stupor. It was warm and bright on the roof. The summer afternoon was drowsy with the hum of passing helicopters; and the deeper drone of the rocket-planes hastening.† pg.51 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is mechanized and run my machinery. There is no need for humans to do certain jobs including reproduction as that has all been allocated to the machines to undergo that process. There is no natural buzz created by humans when working and there is no natural feeling although there is a dull hum of the machinery working consistently of where humans used to. â€Å"The malice and bad tempers from which other people had to take holidays never afflicted him† pg.52 In the brave new world there are a specified number of separate social castes and no more. Here we see that there is an odd example of Benito who always saw things sunny-side up. It was the nature within him to act of as if everyone deserved a second chance and that they are all good people at heart. He did not have a bad temper nor would be wish bad things upon other people. â€Å"To have dealings with members of the lower castes was always, for Bernard, a most distressing experience† pg.55†³ Here we see Bernard, of the higher class in the brave new world society, not wanting to deal with lower castes because he had been conditioned in such a way that people underneath with were not as good as him. They were below his dignity and he could not force himself to have any association with those people. It was just the way that the brave new world society operated. â€Å"The mockery made him feel like an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him† pg.55/56 Here we see how Bernard felt when talking to the various castes including the Gammas and Epsilons. He is treated as if he does not belong and that his reactions to this is to behave like an alien, alone and an outsider. It was because of the way that he dealt with the problem that the others began to increase their prejudice against him. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 5 – Quotes â€Å"Ant like pullulation of lower-caste activity† pg.63 This is describing the lower-caste population and comparing them to how ants work in everyday life. The jobs they did were monotonous unlike Alphas whose jobs were varied and diverse. The lower-caste did jobs that were boring and did not need much intellect to complete them although they enjoyed what they did because of the conditioning process that is in place in the brave new world. â€Å"‘Phosphorus recovery†¦One their way up the chimney the gases go through four separate treatments. Now they recover over ninety eight percent of it. More than a kilo and a half per adult corpse.† pg.63 Here we see that everything in the brave new world is not wasted even including human bodies after they have died. They have constructed a process which they extract phosphorous out of the decaying human body which is used for other purposes. This shows how different the brave new world is from the everyday world. â€Å"‘Everyone works for everyone else. We can’t do without anyone'† pg.64 In the brave new world it is operated through everyone doing their job, without any fighting which is somewhat accomplished with the conditioning program that is compulsory for everyone within the brave new world. Everyone had a certain role to play and they must do their duty if progress it to continue into the future. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 6 – Quotes â€Å"‘When the individual feels, the community reels'† pg.81 Here we see that Lenina talking about how the individual must realize that they are part of the community and that it is practically all for one and one for all. If the individual does not pull their weight and contribute evenly to the community then the community will pay the prices. It does not matter if everyone else in the community is performing at their peak, but for the community to actually perform at its optimum, everyone must work. Brave New World Aldous Huxley Chapter 7 – Quotes â€Å"The tall houses rose like stepped and amputated pyramids into the blue sky† pg.92 Here we see that nothing in the brave new world is natural and nobody is individual and unique. Everything is the same and similarity overpowers uniqueness within the society. Everything which has been made has been done so in mass numbers including the houses and the pyramids which have been erected. â€Å"Cleanliness is next is next to fordliness† pg.94 In the brave new world, God is not the main figure of power within the world nor is he even recognized as a ruling power. Ford, the man who created the T-model car is the overpowering leader of the brave new world and has say over all the rules in the society. Nothing is god like, but Ford like, he is the divine leader of this new world. â€Å"We keep their internal secretions artificially balanced at a youthful equilibrium. We don’t permit their magnesium-calcium ratio to fall below what it was at thirty. We give them transfusions of young blood. We keep their metabolism permanently stimulated† pg.95 Here we see another process which is taken to keep the brave new world functioning in such a way that it benefits the community. This process of giving everyone transfusions of young blood which not only keeps them feeling young but keeping their metabolism permanently stimulated allows for everyone to prevent the aging process as well as not growing old. â€Å"The place was queer, so what the music, so were the clothes and the hoisters and the skin diseases and the old people† pg.97 Here we see where the brave new world society has not assigned their ways on. It was so different to what people of the brave new world had experienced, everything that was not present in the brave new world including diseases and old people was present and this disgusted those who did not live in these conditions. This is the world that we live in at the present moment. â€Å"But his plaited hair was straw coloured, his eyes a pale blue, and his skin a white skin, bronzed† pg.100 This individual was one who had a mix of cross blood and was not one of the natives. This could be identified quite easily through the way his hair was coloured and was worn as well as they colour of his eyes and the colour of his skin. All these branded him as someone who was not an ‘actual’ resident and was different to the others. â€Å"They disliked me for my complexion† pg.100 Here we see a young man talking to Lenina and he starts to cry because those who surrounded him thought and treated him like an outsider despite the fact that her tried so very hard to fit if, even happily get whipped to be accepted. Everyone did not like him for who is was and acted as if he belonged to someone else all because of his skin colour. â€Å"Linda and he were strangers in the Reservation† pg.101 Linda and her son came from the Other Place and so feel and were treated like they were not part of the group of the Reservation and that they were foreigners. Not only did they feel like they were not accepted they actually were not. â€Å"Front teeth were missing†¦so fat†¦flabbiness, the wrinkles. And the sagging cheeks wit those purplish blotches. And under the brown sack-shaped tunic those enormous breasts.† pg.102 In the brave new world everything is conditioned so that everyone can be kept at the same age and has the same metabolism although in the normal world they is no conditioning or mass production of babies. This is why when they saw this lady who was not beautiful and had many problems Lenina shuddered because she had never seen someone so ugly. â€Å"But it’s all different here; it’s like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad† pg.104 Here we see that see does not like living in the normal world outside from the brave new world as there is no conditioning and that there is room for improvement and never being happy with what one has. We also see that she is described our everyday lives of where there is no conditioning and that there are lunatics and everything is mad compared to the brave new world. â€Å"So they’re having children all the time – like dogs†¦And yet John was a great comfort to me†¦It wasn’t my business to know† pg.105 He we see that she has a child and in the brave new world they produce children on a mass scale, in a way just like dogs or animals do. Even though she does not like living in the world outside of the brave new world her child provided a lot of comfort and was different compared to that of the everyday world which is conditioned to perfection. How to cite Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes, Papers

Labor-Leisure Model in the Everyday Life free essay sample

I like many other college students am not currently seeking work in the labor force. As a student athlete playing golf I am constantly juggling my time between my studies as a senior Economics major, and maximizing my golfing potential and chasing my ultimate dream of becoming a professional golfer. Throughout this paper I will explain how I maximize my utility in different circumstances using the labor-leisure model. As I am not actively looking for work in the labor market my indifference curve is so steep there are no tangencies to my reservation wage, which is defined as the â€Å"lowest wage rate at which a worker is willing to accept a job. † By dedicating all my time to studying and practise, and none to the labor force my indifference curve has no tangency to my constraint. As a rational person who wants to maximize utility; the current wage rate is not high enough for me to substitute work for things I prefer to do in my free time, such as playing golf or studying for a test. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor-Leisure Model in the Everyday Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am fortunate enough that my parents have the opportunity to help me financially during my time at college, so I have a source of â€Å"unearned income† that I receive for working zero hours in the labor market. This â€Å"unearned income† is shown by the spike in figure 1 below. As mentioned above because of my high regard for leisure and the modest wages I am offered as a student with some college experience; my indifference curve has no tangencies to my constraint. Figure 1 depicts where utility is maximized at point A. As a utility maximizer it suits my personal preferences to accept the unearned income given to me by my parents and consume more leisure time. â€Å"Point [A] represents the highest utility that can be reached by [myself], given the budget constraint. † The labor-leisure model makes the assumption that leisure is a desirable product, which in my case it is. Furthermore, substituting three or four hours in the labor force for more hours of leisure time is an easy decision for a utility maximizer to make. The government faces similar problems with modern day welfare. Because of the modest wages offered to unskilled workers, and size of recent welfare packages many people maximize utility by removing themselves from the labor force, and accept benefits offered by the government whilst consuming more leisure time. As mentioned above, during school I am constantly dividing my time between practising for golf, and studying my current classes. Using the Production Possibilities frontier (shown in Figure 2 below) I can graphically show the choices I make in a variety of scenarios as a utility maximizer. Like most economic models it is a simplification of reality that represents â€Å"economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical quantitative relationships between them. † To maintain the simplicity of the model I am assuming my average day consists of 16 hours, of which I divide my time between either practising golf or studying. I rarely dedicate all my waking hours to specifically golf or studying, but for the consistency of this model that assumption will be made. Figure 2 shows my personal production possibilities frontier, which â€Å"shows the alternative outputs of [golf practise] and [studying] that can be produced† by myself in any given day. â€Å"The production possibility curve clearly exhibits the notion of technical efficiency. † Any point inside the curve is considered inefficient, and any point outside the curve is unachievable. The production possibility frontier clearly shows that depending on how I allocate my time directly affects my productivity in both areas. For example, if I dedicate a disproportionate amount of time to studying my golf performance will decline as my grades increase, and vice-versa. As shown in Figure 2 there are many different combinations of golf practise and studying. Maximizing utility in this model is my selection of the most appropriate combination of studying and golf practise for the circumstances of that day. One of the biggest advantages of playing an individual sport is having the ability to design a schedule that suits my day to day activity. Points A, B, C, D and E all represent possible utility maximizing schedules on my production possibilities frontier. There are many factors that could affect my everyday schedule. For example, If I have a particularly important tournament coming up I may find it utility maximizing to substitute some hours studying for some hours practising at the golf course. This schedule would make my indifference curve steeper than usual, like the indifference curve U4 in figure 2. My grades may suffer at this schedule; however, performing well in tournaments also just as important so the schedule is still utility maximizing. I will maximize utility at a completely different point on my production possibilities frontier during finals week. I will be more likely to substitute hours practising golf for time studying during finals week. As time spent studying becomes more valuable my indifference curve will become much flatter than on an ordinary day, like the indifference curve U2 in figure 2. As mentioned above, there are obvious flaws to this production possibilities frontier. However, an economic model is a simplification of reality that represents â€Å"economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical quantitative relationships between them. I have never spent an entire day where I dedicated all my waking hours to either studying or practising golf. So despite point F on figure 2 not statistically being utility maximizing it is where I normally operate. Normal daily activities like eating, talking with friends and other general errands are not considered in this model. The shaded area in f igure 2 represents time I spend doing activities that are unaccounted for by golf practise and studying. I plan to graduate in May 2013 with a Bachelors of Science degree in Economics. My degree is a sign to potential employers that I have been trained in the field of economics. According to the â€Å"Investment model of education† I will move from a male with â€Å"some college† experience to a male â€Å"college graduate. † The investment model of education suggests that college graduates are more likely to receive additional training in their early years of employment; resulting in higher wages. The potential for a higher wage could have a notable affect on my post-college labor-leisure model. The higher wage creates a steeper constraint, as seen below in Figure 3. Figure 3: Post-College Labor-Leisure Model If offered a wage high enough, the new constraint could become steep enough to where my indifference curve would have a point of tangency with my reservation wage, as seen above. As a result of the additional training I have received (a college education) my constraint has moved from the line AD to line AE. The severe increase in wage has increased my cost of consuming leisure considerably. My utility is now maximized by joining the labor force, as seen in the move from U1 to U2 on figure 3. The radical change to my labor-leisure model has not taken place without a huge substitution and income effect. The new wage greatly increased my costs of consuming leisure, so much so I substituted some hours of leisure for hours of work. This is known as the substitution effect, and can be seen graphically between points B and C. An income effect is also present. After graduation my parents will not continue to hand me money for nothing in return, so the unearned income at point F is no longer achievable. This decrease in income reduces my purchasing power of leisure and will increase my demand for labor hours. This income effect is shown graphically between points A and B. The total effect can be seen graphically between points A and C. The substitution and income effect usually move an individual’s preferences in opposite directions, but because I was choosing to work zero hours the presence of either effect could only increase my demand for work. In conclusion, I can portray how I make everyday decisions using the labor-leisure model and production possibilities frontier frameworks. As with most economic models, it drastically simplifies reality. The simplification however is necessary, due to the complex nature of economic variables; simplicity aids clarity. For an economic model to be successful two appropriate variables must be chosen. In my personal instance the relationship between practising golf and studying for classes are directly related. By simplifying and selecting applicable variables complex economic information can be expressed logically, as shown above.